Launch Vehicles & Propulsion

American plasma propulsion developer — builds the VASIMR variable specific impulse magnetoplasma rocket near NASA Johnson Space Center.

Develops hypergolic in-space propulsion systems for small satellites, lunar landers and orbital transfer vehicles — provides flight-proven, non-toxic storable propellant thruste…

Develops autonomous systems for all domains including space — builds AI-powered autonomous vehicles, rocket motors and software for national security and allied defence missions.

American launch and spacecraft propulsion company — develops the Rocket 4 small launcher and builds Astra Spacecraft Engines electric thrusters.

Full life-cycle in-space mobility provider — develops green chemical, electric and hybrid propulsion systems for CubeSats through ESPA-class spacecraft in LEO, GEO and beyond.

Develops reusable rockets and space vehicles to enable a future where millions live and work in space.

Develops launch systems, satellites and crewed spacecraft for government and commercial customers.

American spacecraft propulsion manufacturer — builds Hall effect, electrospray, RF ion and green monopropellant thrusters, incl. for NASA Gateway's PPE.

Develops small- to medium-lift launch vehicles, lunar landers and space tugs — operates the Alpha rocket, Blue Ghost lunar lander and Elytra space tug for government and commerc…

Develops low-cost, high-performance propulsion systems for lunar landers, orbital transfer vehicles and deep space missions — produces monopropellant and bipropellant thrusters …

Develops in-space transportation vehicles for the inner solar system — operates Mira (LEO tug) and Helios (deep-space tug) to deliver payloads to custom orbits beyond what launc…

Manufactures advanced composite structures and components for space launch vehicles and satellites — produces rocket nosecones, fairings, structural assemblies and thermal prote…

State-owned spaceport on Wallops Island, Virginia — operates launch pads used by Rocket Lab, Northrop Grumman and Firefly next to NASA Wallops.

FAA-licensed spaceport and airport in California's Mojave Desert — hosts flight test and rocket development firms such as Scaled Composites.

Provides in-space transportation and services — operates the Vigoride orbital transfer vehicle for last-mile satellite delivery, hosted payloads and in-space demonstration missi…

Global aerospace, defence and space technology company delivering advanced systems and solutions.

American reentry startup — develops Ferryall and Carryall return vehicles using deployable heat shields and guided paragliders for cargo return.

State-owned Alaskan spaceport on Kodiak Island — provides orbital and suborbital launch and missile test range services to commercial and defence users.

Develops integrated launch vehicles, modular satellites and in-space propulsion — the Daytona rocket targets small satellite orbital launches with a turnkey space access and dat…

Develops radio frequency (RF) plasma electric propulsion systems for small satellites — the Maxwell thruster provides scalable, propellant-free in-space propulsion for LEO const…

Develops the Supernova high-power solar electric orbital transfer vehicle — enables satellites to move freely across orbits for resupply, repositioning and extended mission life.

American spaceplane developer — designing Radian One, a reusable rail-launched single-stage-to-orbit vehicle for crew and cargo to low Earth orbit.

Pioneers 3D-printed rocket manufacturing — developing the Terran R fully reusable medium-lift launch vehicle using autonomous Stargate robotic printing for the commercial launch…

Develops hybrid propulsion systems for launch vehicles — pioneers 3D-printed fuel grain technology for safer, cleaner and more affordable rocket propulsion for small satellite l…

Delivering frequent, reliable launch services and spacecraft solutions to make space more accessible for all.

Global aerospace and defense conglomerate — provides space-based sensors, missile defense systems, satellite intelligence and propulsion via Collins Aerospace, Pratt & Whitney a…

State-owned commercial spaceport in New Mexico — hosts Virgin Galactic suborbital flights and vertical launch tenants in Sierra County.

Provides aerospace engineering, market research, advanced concept development and innovative flight hardware — specialises in small satellite systems, propulsion and hypersonic …

Designs, manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft to revolutionise access to space.

American space company — developing kinetic centrifuge launch technology and the Meridian Space LEO broadband satellite constellation.

Developing Nova, a 100% fully reusable medium-lift orbital rocket — targets rapid turnaround between flights with an actively cooled second-stage heatshield for atmospheric reen…

Advances high-speed technology through design, manufacturing and operation of hypersonic aerospace vehicles — operates the world's largest aircraft (Roc) and Talon-A hypersonic …

Provides reliable, affordable access to space for US government and commercial missions.

Develops flight-proven liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems for space launch, hypersonics and space mobility — builds the Hadley, Ripley and Arroway engines for next-gener…

Develops Mach 9 hypersonic aircraft for point-to-point travel — the Stargazer vehicle uses a rotating detonation rocket engine to enable 1-hour transpacific flights for commerci…

Pioneering commercial human spaceflight with reusable spaceplane technology.

German space software firm — develops the ASTOS mission analysis and trajectory optimisation tools plus engineering services for launchers and spacecraft.

TUM space propulsion spin-off in Garching — develops a reignitable cryogenic methalox-propelled in-space transporter for orbital logistics.

Munich space component maker — builds valves, pressure regulators and pumps for spacecraft, launchers and landers, aiming at in-orbit refuelling.

Germany's national aeronautics and space research centre — conducts research across aerospace, transport and energy.

Germany's space agency function within DLR — manages German space budget, ESA contributions and national space missions.

Leading satellite deployment and mission management company — deployed over 300 satellites on SpaceX and other launchers.

German spaceport company — planned sea-based launch platform in the North Sea for small launchers, with preparation area in Bremerhaven; no launches yet.

Develops hybrid propulsion launch vehicles for suborbital and orbital small satellite missions.

TU Braunschweig university institute — researches space propulsion, satellite technology, space debris modelling and in-space manufacturing.

German university space institute — researches electric propulsion, re-entry and small satellites, with over 170 staff at the Space Center Baden-Württemberg.

Develops the Spectrum launch vehicle for small and medium satellites — Europe's leading privately-funded launcher.

DLR spin-off developing cost-effective non-toxic green propulsion systems for nanosatellites and CubeSats — the HyNOx hypergolic propulsion module uses hydrogen peroxide for saf…

German electric propulsion startup — TU Dresden spin-off building liquid-metal field emission thrusters (GO-2) for small satellites, with a US office in El Segundo.

Augsburg aerospace manufacturer in the OHB group — builds tanks and structural components for Ariane 6, the largest Ariane supplier outside France, plus satellite parts.

German electric propulsion startup — develops SUPREME, a superconductor-based magnetoplasmadynamic thruster for high-power spacecraft missions.

Independent European space technology company developing satellites and space infrastructure.

German spaceplane startup — develops reusable rocket-powered spaceplanes and linear aerospike engines for satellite launch and defence applications.

Develops the RFA ONE small satellite launcher with staged-combustion engines for low-cost access to orbit.

Aachen student rocketry association of RWTH and FH Aachen — develops hybrid and liquid rocket engines; its STAHR rocket reached 21 km in 2024.

Air Liquide cryogenics division in Sassenage — designs cryogenic tanks, lines and cryocoolers for Ariane launchers, satellites and launch pads.

Europe's largest space company — develops satellites, launch systems and space exploration vehicles.

Develops and produces Europe's Ariane launch vehicles for institutional and commercial missions.

World's first commercial launch services company — operates Ariane and Vega from the Guiana Space Centre.

French national space agency — designs space systems, launchers and Earth observation missions.

Europe's gateway to space — develops launchers, satellites and missions for science, Earth observation and exploration.

French-Italian solid rocket motor company — design authority for the P120C motor used on Ariane 6 and Vega C, jointly owned by ArianeGroup and Avio.

Designs electric propulsion systems for small satellites and in-space transportation vehicles.

French NewSpace company — develops solar sails and modular deployable solar arrays (Gama Wing); flew the Gama Alpha sail demonstrator in 2023.

French launch startup — develops hybrid-propulsion rockets, including the Baguette One suborbital demonstrator and the OB-1 microlauncher.

French launch startup — develops the reusable Arcadia small launcher family and in-orbit logistics vehicles for small-satellite deployment.

French NewSpace startup — develops ionic liquid electrospray electric thrusters for small satellites, first flown in orbit in 2025.

Develops the Zephyr light launch vehicle dedicated to nano and microsatellite constellations.

Develops a reusable micro-launcher for flexible and affordable access to low Earth orbit.

French national aerospace research centre — conducts aeronautics, space and defence research, including launcher, propulsion and space observation studies.

French launch startup — develops a family of reusable-oriented small launchers built from modular boosters, targeting a first flight in 2027.

French ground infrastructure startup — designs modular rocket test benches and spaceports, including the NuPad mobile launch pad.

French electric propulsion startup — builds iodine-fuelled gridded ion and cold-gas thrusters for small satellites.

Mixed-ownership launch company born from the Chinese Academy of Sciences — develops the Lijian-1 solid launch vehicle and next-generation reusable liquid rockets.

China's main space contractor — develops Long March rockets, satellites and the Chinese Space Station.

China's major state-owned defense aerospace corporation — develops the Kuaizhou solid-fuel commercial launch vehicles, missiles, and space systems alongside CASC.

Commercial arm of CASC for international space business — manages international payload launches on Long March rockets and provides satellite systems to overseas customers.

Develops the reusable Nebula rocket series using liquid engines — pioneering vertical takeoff and landing reusable rockets for the Chinese commercial launch market.

Develops commercial liquid-propellant launch vehicles — operates the Ceres-1 solid rocket for small satellite launches.

Develops the Hyperbola series of commercial launch vehicles and reusable shuttle concepts — first Chinese private company to reach orbit with a solid rocket.

Chinese rocket engine startup — develops reusable Longyun methalox engines, seven of which powered the Long March 12A first stage on its December 2025 debut.

Develops the Zhuque series of commercial launch vehicles including China's first methane-fuelled orbital rocket.

Developing ultra-high-speed hypersonic space planes for point-to-point passenger transport — targets intercontinental travel in under an hour using aerospace propulsion technology.

Develops the OS-X and OS-M solid-fuel commercial launch vehicles — first Chinese private company to reach space with a self-developed rocket, targeting small satellite dedicated…

Develops the Gravity series of large commercial launch vehicles using liquid and solid hybrid propulsion — targeting heavy-lift capability for the Chinese commercial launch market.

CASC subsidiary and major design and production centre for liquid rockets, air defense systems, satellite platforms and space transportation in Shanghai.

Develops stainless-steel fully reusable liquid rockets inspired by SpaceX's approach — targeting orbital launches with vertical takeoff and landing vehicles for the Chinese comm…

Develops the Tianlong series of liquid-fueled commercial launch vehicles — the Tianlong-2 became the first Chinese private methane rocket to reach orbit.

Develops sounding rockets and hypersonic suborbital testbeds for scientific research, atmosphere exploration and hypersonic vehicle technology validation.

Glasgow PocketQube satellite company — designs, builds and launches PocketQubes and brokers rideshare launches for customers.

Welsh near-space company — operates stratospheric balloon platforms for high-altitude pseudo-satellite missions and near-space testing of space hardware.

London space consultancy — provides technical consultancy, mission management and launch brokerage, having placed over 80 small satellites on launches.

British spacecraft propulsion startup — develops compact plasma thrusters using solid metal propellant for small satellites.

Southampton space engineering firm — develops and tests electric propulsion systems, hollow cathodes and CubeSat thrusters; part of Aerospazio group.

Scottish regional space cluster for the North Highlands and Moray — building a launch and tracking ecosystem around Space Hub Sutherland.

Develops the Prime rocket for dedicated small satellite launches from European spaceports. Most of its UK assets were acquired by Portugal's Omnidea.

UK propulsion developer — tests hybrid rocket engines and is building a Direct Fusion Drive plasma rocket at its Bletchley facility.

Develops revolutionary SABRE propulsion technology enabling single-stage-to-orbit and hypersonic flight.

Scottish spaceport on Unst, Shetland — vertical launch site on the Lamba Ness peninsula, formerly Shetland Space Centre (renamed 2021).

Scottish launch vehicle developer — building the Skyrora XL orbital rocket to provide sovereign UK launch, with engine test sites around the UK.

Welsh space startup — develops cloud-based spacecraft mission design software, payload interface units and small chemical propulsion systems.

Welsh aerospace test site at Llanbedr airfield — designated candidate UK horizontal launch spaceport with its own restricted airspace for flight trials.

UK horizontal-launch spaceport at Cornwall Airport Newquay — first UK spaceport licensee (2022), hosting space and drone operations.

British spacecraft propulsion startup — builds electrothermal water-based thrusters for CubeSats and small satellites.

UK regional space cluster at Westcott Venture Park, Buckinghamshire — focused on propulsion testing, in-orbit servicing and 5G testbeds.

Tier 1 aerospace manufacturer providing aerostructures and engineering services — develops composite structures for launch vehicles, satellite fairings and re-entry vehicles in …

Cluster grouping the aeronautical and space ecosystem of Catalonia, boosting business opportunities.

Spanish green propulsion startup — develops hydrogen peroxide mono- and bipropellant thrusters for satellites and space vehicles.

Student association developing low-cost suborbital rockets for peaceful applications.

Spanish space propulsion startup — develops ATHENA electrospray thrusters for small satellites and mission-analysis software, born in the UC3M ecosystem.

Develops electric propulsion systems for satellites in very low Earth orbits.

Develops an electromagnetic orbital launcher to accelerate payloads to orbital velocity without conventional rockets — targeting CubeSat deployment to high orbits and Earth-Moon…

Develops compact, modular satellite platforms and in-space propulsion systems for commercial and government LEO missions — focused on rapid manufacturing and affordable access t…

Efficient and sustainable propulsion systems.

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid research group — models and tests electric space thrusters, magnetic nozzles and plasma-spacecraft interaction.

Develops the MIURA reusable launch vehicle family — Europe's leading private rocket manufacturer.

Galician in-space transportation startup — builds CubeSat dispensers such as RAMI (flown on Ariane 6) and the OSSIE orbital transfer vehicle.

Student project developing aeronautics and space technologies at UPC — largest of its kind.

Develops and commercialises micropropulsion systems for small satellites.

Pioneer in near-space flights and balloon-based satellite launch systems.

Japanese commercial spaceport in Taiki, Hokkaido — built by Taiki town and operated by SPACE COTAN for orbital and suborbital launches.

Develops solid rocket motors, launch vehicle upper stages and spacecraft structural components for JAXA and commercial customers.

Japanese launch startup developing the ASCA family of reusable rockets, from the ASCA 1 small launcher to future crewed spaceplanes.

Develops the ZERO orbital launch vehicle using green propellants to provide low-cost launch services for small satellites.

Japan's national aerospace and space exploration agency.

Hokkaido University spin-out in Sapporo — develops safe plastic-fuel hybrid thrusters for small satellites and larger hybrid rocket systems.

Develops and produces H-IIA/H3 launch vehicles and related space systems for Japan.

Japanese propulsion startup — develops and manufactures water-based electric and resistojet propulsion systems for small satellites.

Develops fully reusable suborbital spaceplanes using a patented switchable air-breathing/rocket engine — targeting space tourism and suborbital cargo transport services.

Japanese space services company — provides launch brokerage, ISS deployment and experiment services and in-orbit demonstration support.

Develops the solid-fueled Kairos small satellite launch vehicle — operates from Spaceport Kii, Japan's first private commercial spaceport, targeting dedicated small satellite la…

Japanese startup developing a winged reusable suborbital spaceplane and selling composite high-pressure tanks made at its Nagasaki plant.

Develops innovative bladeless-pump rocket propulsion systems for affordable and reusable small-lift launch vehicles.

Australia's largest sovereign rocket and satellite manufacturer — develops the Eris orbital launch vehicle and ElaraSat platform.

Contract manufacturer specialising in ultra-precise machined components for aerospace, quantum computing and scientific instrumentation — 5-axis CNC and Wire EDM.

Designs and manufactures precision fluid control systems for space — cryogenic valves, additive manufacturing and polymer science for launchers and spacecraft.

Australian launch services provider operating multiple launch ranges including Whalers Way and Koonibba Test Range.

Builds scalable and recoverable rocket systems for payload delivery from Australian soil — developing the Mini Meggs test rocket and Meggs Jr suborbital vehicle.

Developed the first generative design software platform for rapid aerospace hardware creation — used to build the Zephyr Hall Thruster satellite propulsion system.

Develops the Agnibaan configurable launch vehicle featuring the world's first single-piece 3D-printed semi-cryogenic rocket engine.

Develops green and electric propulsion systems for satellites and in-space transportation using water-based and Hall-effect thrusters.

Indian launch startup in Bengaluru — developing Razor Crest Mk-1, a fully reusable medium-lift rocket targeting a first flight in 2027.

India's national space agency — pioneers cost-effective launch vehicles, satellites and planetary missions.

Indian propulsion startup from IIT Bombay — develops hydrazine-free green propulsion systems and thrusters for small satellites, tested on ISRO's POEM-4.

Indian state-owned company under the Department of Space — commercialises ISRO launch services, satellites, technology transfer and space assets.

India's leading private launch company — develops the Vikram series of launch vehicles for small satellite missions.

Italian SME — provides vacuum-chamber testing and engineering for electric space propulsion, plus EMI/EMC and thermal-vacuum tests.

Develops and produces launch vehicles, rocket propulsion systems and space propulsion components.

Italian Aerospace Research Centre — runs the national aerospace research programme PRO.R.A. with wind tunnels and space re-entry test facilities.

Italian horizontal spaceport at Taranto-Grottaglie airport — designated in 2018 for suborbital flights and managed by Aeroporti di Puglia.

Italian launch startup — develops EOS, a small reusable single-stage-to-orbit rocket, and its MR-5 LOX/kerosene engine, with R&D in Turin.

Develops electric propulsion systems, small satellites and launch vehicles for commercial and institutional customers.

University of Padua spin-off — builds electric (REGULUS), cold-gas, monopropellant and hybrid propulsion for small satellites and launchers.

Brazil's civilian space agency — coordinates the national space programme, satellite development and Alcântara launch centre.

Brazilian Air Force rocket launch centre near Natal — launches sounding rockets and provides tracking support for Alcântara and foreign launches.

Brazilian Air Force spaceport near the equator in Maranhão — hosts sounding rocket campaigns and commercial launches such as Innospace's HANBIT-Nano.

Brazilian space engineering firm — develops satellite propulsion subsystems and hydrazine thrusters, including the propulsion for Amazonia-1.

Brazilian Air Force aerospace institute under DCTA — develops sounding rockets (VSB-30, VS-30, S30) and Brazil's satellite launch vehicles such as VLM-1.

Brazilian NewSpace startup — builds picosatellites, hybrid sounding rockets and educational CanSat/CubeSat kits, and runs the Latin American Space Challenge.

South Korean aerospace and defence group — system integrator and engine maker for the Nuri launch vehicle and parent of Satrec Initiative.

South Korean launch vehicle developer — builds hybrid-propellant HANBIT rockets for small-satellite launches from Alcantara, Brazil.

Korea's space research institute developing launch vehicles, satellites and space exploration systems.

South Korea's new standalone space administration — leads Korean space exploration and sovereign launch ambitions.

South Korean launch startup — develops the Blue Whale 1 methane-fuelled small orbital launch vehicle for small satellites.

South Korean launch startup developing UNA EXPRESS kerosene-LOX rockets for small satellite launch and future crewed suborbital flights.

Austrian electric propulsion company — FOTEC spin-off producing FEEP ion thrusters for small satellites at scale in Wiener Neustadt.

Austrian research subsidiary of FH Wiener Neustadt — develops FEEP electric and green chemical propulsion and runs propulsion test facilities for space.

Austrian in-space mobility startup in Vienna — builds the refuelable green-propellant GATE Jetpack propulsion unit for ESPA-class satellites.

Austrian composite manufacturer — produces high-pressure tanks and lightweight structures for satellites and launch vehicles, including Galileo.

Develops guidance, navigation and control systems and propulsion components for launchers and satellites.

Portuguese spaceport consortium — holds Portugal's first spaceport licence for the Malbusca Launch Centre on Santa Maria, Azores.

Portuguese space propulsion company — makes valves, thrusters and fluid-control components for satellites and launchers, and leads micro-launcher work.

Portuguese composite and metallic structures manufacturer — builds structures, tooling and MGSE for space, aeronautics and defence, with a space unit in Porto.

Argentine-founded space tug startup — builds Chimera orbital transfer vehicles in Buenos Aires and Montevideo for LEO and GEO deliveries.

Argentine launch startup — develops the Aventura I hybrid-propellant small launcher for nanosatellites, to fly from the Malacara spaceport.

Argentine state-majority space company under CONAE — prime contractor for the Tronador II launcher and VEx test vehicles.

Canadian launch vehicle startup — developing the R-1 light-lift and reusable R-2 medium-lift rockets for sovereign Canadian access to space.

Canadian commercial launch site developer — building and operating Spaceport Nova Scotia near Canso for orbital and suborbital launches.

Quebec launch startup developing hybrid rocket engines and the Aurora small-satellite launch vehicle, with a first test flight planned in Australia.

Dutch-rooted propulsion and AOCS company — builds green HPGP, water and cold-gas thrusters and spacecraft subsystems.

Dutch small satellite company — builds CubeSats and smallsat missions and supplies satellite subsystems and launch services, a spin-off of TU Delft.

Dutch rocket company — develops and launches DART and Barracuda solid-fuel sounding rockets for science and defence testing.

Swiss student space association founded at ETH Zurich — develops hybrid and liquid rocket engines, sounding rockets and CubeSats with about 400 students.

Swiss space equipment manufacturer — builds satellite and launcher structures, mechanical ground support equipment and Kourou services.

Swiss space supplier owned by the Swiss state — makes launcher fairings, satellite structures, mechanisms and electronics.

Danish volunteer-run crewed spaceflight project — develops and launches amateur rockets and capsules, working toward the crewed Spica rocket.

Danish offshore launch startup — developing Spaceport North Sea, a sea-based launch platform on a converted wind turbine vessel operating from Esbjerg.

Air Liquide subsidiary at the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou — produces liquid hydrogen and oxygen and supplies ground fluids for Ariane launches.

Avio–ArianeGroup joint venture in Kourou — runs the Guiana propellant plant casting solid rocket motors for Ariane 6 and Vega-C.

Irish space electronics company — designs and builds high-reliability electronics such as video telemetry for Ariane 6 and payload interface units for ESA missions.

Irish launch services startup — is developing a commercial spaceport in Ireland and partnering on the Pathfinder suborbital rocket launch.

Develops reusable spaceplanes and green satellite propulsion systems for sustainable access to space.

New Zealand aerospace test site at Kaitorete — Crown and rūnanga joint venture with a 1 km runway hosting horizontal space launch and stratospheric flight tests.

Norwegian aerospace company operating the Andøya Spaceport — provides suborbital and orbital launch services, defence test range and space education from the Arctic.

Develops hybrid rocket propulsion systems — active in space launch vehicle and sounding rocket propulsion.

Singapore space propulsion startup spun out of NTU — builds Hall-effect electric thrusters for small satellites and plans VLEO imaging missions.

Singapore launch startup developing hybrid-propellant sounding rockets (Dorado) and launch services, with test operations in Australia.

Specialises in design, simulation, AIT and testing of aerospace propulsion and satellite components — develops gas turbines, rocket motors, liquid engines and small launcher sys…

South Africa's national rocket propulsion and aerospace test facility — conducts solid rocket motor development, propulsion testing and aerospace vehicle integration for governm…

Ukraine's state space agency — manages national space programmes and launch vehicle heritage.

Ukrainian state rocket and spacecraft design bureau — developed the Zenit and Cyclone launchers and Antares first stage, plus satellites.

Dubai computational engineering company — uses its Noyron model to generate and hot-fire test AI-designed, 3D-printed rocket engines.

Abu Dhabi research centre of TII — develops rocket and electric propulsion and space exploration tech, incl. the UAE's first liquid rocket engine.

Belgian aerospace manufacturer — builds aerostructures and launcher actuation and control systems for Ariane and Vega rockets.

Develops propulsion and deorbiting systems for small satellites enabling sustainable orbital operations.

Greek aerospace engineering SME — manufactures composite and metallic space structures such as the CFRP panels of ESA PLATO's optical bench.

Iran's space agency — manages national satellite development and the Imam Khomeini Space Launch Complex.

Israeli state-owned aerospace and defence company — Israel's main space prime, building Ofeq, EROS, AMOS and TecSAR satellites and the Shavit launcher.

Kenya's university-based rocket development team — building liquid-propellant launch vehicles and propulsion systems at JKUAT, pioneering indigenous launch capability in East Af…

North Korea's National Aerospace Technology Administration — manages satellite launches and the Sohae Space Launch Centre.

Commercial spaceport near Duqm Special Economic Zone — supports suborbital and orbital launches, rocket testing and space research; backed by NASCOM and Omantel.

Polish launch startup — develops the PERUN hybrid-propellant suborbital rocket and SF-1000 engine under an ESA Boost! contract.

Russian state space corporation responsible for spaceflight, launch vehicles and space exploration.

Provides launch services, ground station operations and satellite services globally.

Taiwanese private launch company developing the Hapith series of hybrid-propellant suborbital and small orbital rockets.

Turkish private space company of the Baykar ecosystem — builds FGN-100 satellites and orbital transfer vehicles for a navigation constellation.